一位老年病人抱怨失眠，護理師應將下列哪項措施納入照護計畫？
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who complains of insomnia. Which intervention should the nurse include in the client's plan of care?
- AProvide a warm milk beverage before bedtime✓ 正解睡前提供一杯溫牛奶
- BEncourage daytime napping to reduce fatigue鼓勵白天小睡以減輕疲勞
- CMaintain a bright environment to keep the client alert維持明亮環境以保持個案警覺
- DAdminister sleeping pills at 8 PM於晚上8點給予安眠藥
老年失眠的照護核心在於「睡眠衛生」（Sleep Hygiene）。目標是建立規律的生理時鐘並減少刺激。熱牛奶含有色胺酸（Tryptophan），在體內可轉化為血清素與褪黑激素，有助於調節睡眠週期並產生心理上的放鬆感。反觀其他選項，藥物治療因副作用與依賴性風險，僅在非藥物治療無效時考慮；日間午睡會削弱夜間驅動力（Sleep Drive）；明亮環境則會抑制褪黑激素分泌，干擾生理時鐘的啟動。護理師應優先採用非藥物介入，並教導個案維持環境黑暗與安靜。
Management of insomnia in older adults prioritizes sleep hygiene, such as providing warm milk before bed, which contains tryptophan to promote relaxation and support melatonin production. Non-pharmacological interventions are preferred over sleeping pills due to side effects, while daytime napping and bright environments should be avoided as they disrupt the sleep-wake cycle and suppress melatonin.