— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ —
一位 70 歲客戶對季節性流感感到擔心。護理師鼓勵其進行健康維護最有效的方法為何？
A 70-year-old client is concerned about seasonal flu. What is the most effective way for the nurse to encourage health maintenance?
- APromote wearing a mask at all times indoors促進在室內隨時佩戴口罩
- BAdvise avoiding crowded places during winter建議在冬季避免前往擁擠場所
- CSuggest taking Vitamin C and Zinc supplements建議服用維生素 C 和鋅補充劑
- DRecommend receiving the high-dose influenza vaccine✓ 正解建議接種高劑量流感疫苗
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
針對 65 歲以上高齡者，免疫系統功能退化（immunosenescence），季節性流感易引發肺炎等嚴重併發症。疫苗接種是預防傳染病最有效的公共衛生手段。高劑量流感疫苗（high-dose influenza vaccine）專為老年人設計，含有四倍的抗原量，能引發更強的免疫反應，降低感染與住院風險。
Older adults experience immunosenescence, increasing their risk for severe complications like pneumonia from seasonal flu. The high-dose influenza vaccine is specifically formulated with increased antigen content to stimulate a stronger immune response, making it the most effective preventive measure for this population.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國 CDC 針對 65 歲以上長者強烈建議優先使用高劑量流感疫苗（如 Fluzone High-Dose）。在台灣，公費流感疫苗多為標準劑量，長者若需高劑量疫苗通常需自費，臨床護理師應根據當地政策進行衛教。