— 基本照護與舒適 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照顧一位長期臥床的病人。應監測哪些因長期臥床引起的併發症?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is caring for a client who is immobile. Which complications of immobility should the nurse monitor for? (Select all that apply.)
- ADeep vein thrombosis (DVT)✓ 正解深層靜脈血栓形成 (DVT)
- BNegative nitrogen balance✓ 正解負氮平衡
- CIncreased bone density骨密度增加
- DUrinary stasis✓ 正解尿液滯留
- EAtelectasis✓ 正解肺不張
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
長期臥床會導致:血液淤積引發 DVT(A)、蛋白質分解增加導致負氮平衡(B)、尿液因重力引流不佳導致尿液滯留(D)以及呼吸變淺導致肺塌陷(E)。骨密度會因為缺乏負重刺激而降低(骨質疏鬆),而非增加(C 錯誤)。
Immobility leads to venous stasis, increasing the risk of deep vein thrombosis, and causes urinary stasis due to ineffective gravity drainage. Additionally, prolonged bed rest results in negative nitrogen balance from muscle protein breakdown and atelectasis from limited chest expansion, while bone density decreases rather than increases.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國 NCLEX 極度重視 DVT 預防(SCDs, Heparin);台灣則非常強調壓瘡預防與翻身拍背。