— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ —
一位病人正在接受多巴胺的連續輸注。護理師應監測何種與藥物外滲 (extravasation) 相關的潛在不良反應?
A client is receiving a continuous infusion of dopamine. The nurse should monitor for which potential adverse effect related to extravasation?
- AHypoglycemia低血糖
- BHyperkalemia高鉀血症
- CFluid overload液體過載
- DTissue necrosis✓ 正解組織壞死
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
多巴胺 (Dopamine) 屬於正性肌力藥物與血管加壓劑,具有強烈的血管收縮活性。當發生藥物外滲 (Extravasation) 時,藥物會滲漏至皮下組織,造成嚴重的局部血管收縮,導致組織缺血 (Ischemia) 及隨後的組織壞死 (Tissue necrosis)。護理師需在給藥期間頻繁評估 IV 部位,若發生外滲,應立即停止輸注並依據機構指引給予拮抗劑(如 Phentolamine)。
Dopamine is a potent vasoconstrictor that can cause severe local ischemia and subsequent tissue necrosis if it extravasates into surrounding tissues. The nurse must frequently assess the IV site and immediately stop the infusion if infiltration occurs to prevent permanent tissue damage.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國臨床對於高風險輸注(如升壓劑)通常要求使用中心靜脈導管 (CVC),若使用周邊靜脈則需嚴格且頻繁的部位評估。台灣部分醫療院所對周邊給藥的監測頻率與指引可能較為寬鬆,赴美後需落實更嚴謹的周邊監測頻率。