— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些臨床評估結果顯示病人可能對嗎啡(Morphine Sulfate)產生不良反應?(選所有適合的)
Which of the following client assessments indicate a potential adverse reaction to morphine sulfate? (Select all that apply.)
- ARespiratory rate of 8 breaths per minute✓ 正解每分鐘 8 次的呼吸速率
- BConstipation✓ 正解便秘
- CPupillary constriction (miosis)✓ 正解瞳孔收縮(miosis)
- DUrinary retention✓ 正解尿滯留
- EIncreased blood pressure血壓升高
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
嗎啡為強效鴉片類藥物,常見副作用包含呼吸抑制(RR < 12 需警覺)、腸蠕動減慢導致便秘、縮瞳現象,以及膀胱括約肌緊張引起的尿滯留。血壓升高通常不是嗎啡的副作用,相反地,嗎啡可能因血管擴張導致姿勢性低血壓。
Morphine can cause respiratory depression, constipation, miosis, and urinary retention due to its effects on the central nervous system and smooth muscle. Increased blood pressure is not a typical side effect; instead, morphine may cause hypotension through vasodilation.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師對嗎啡給藥後的呼吸監測要求極為嚴格,常需依 Protocol 使用 Naloxone。