護理師正在衛教病人每日服用 81 mg 阿斯匹靈(aspirin)。病人詢問為何開立如此低劑量。護理師應解釋此劑量通常用於:
A nurse is educating a client about taking aspirin 81 mg daily. The client asks why such a low dose is prescribed. The nurse should explain that this dose is typically used for:
- ARelieving acute pain.緩解急性疼痛。
- BReducing inflammation.減輕發炎。
- CTreating fever.治療發燒。
- DPreventing cardiovascular events.✓ 正解預防心血管事件。
阿斯匹靈(Aspirin)在低劑量(81mg,又稱 Baby Aspirin)時,主要透過不可逆地抑制環氧化酶(COX-1),進而減少血栓素 A2(Thromboxane A2)的合成,達到抑制血小板凝集的效果。這與高劑量使用時的止痛、抗發炎或退燒機轉不同。在臨床衛教中,病人常對此劑量產生疑慮,護理師需釐清其預防心血管事件(如心肌梗塞、中風)的專屬用途。
Low-dose aspirin (81 mg) is primarily prescribed for its antiplatelet effect to prevent cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. It works by irreversibly inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1, which reduces thromboxane A2 synthesis and prevents platelet aggregation. This mechanism differs from higher doses used for analgesic, antipyretic, or anti-inflammatory purposes.
在美國,81mg 的「Baby Aspirin」是極為常見的 OTC(成藥)劑量;在台灣,臨床常見劑量多為 100mg(如 Bayer 伯基),兩者劑量效能相似,但在衛教時需注意病人若從美國回台或反之,劑量單位需確認清楚。