護理師照護一位剛開始服用三環抗憂鬱藥(TCA)的憂鬱症病人。護理師應提醒病人注意哪些副作用?(選所有適合的)
The nurse is caring for a client with depression who has just started taking a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). Which side effects should the nurse alert the client to? (Select all that apply.)
- ADry mouth✓ 正解口乾
- BDiarrhea腹瀉
- COrthostatic hypotension✓ 正解姿勢性低血壓
- DUrinary retention✓ 正解尿滯留
- EBlurred vision✓ 正解視力模糊
三環抗憂鬱藥(Tricyclic Antidepressants, TCAs)是一種早期開發的抗憂鬱藥物,雖然有效,但因其廣泛的藥理作用而產生多種副作用。除了影響血清素和正腎上腺素的再吸收外,TCA 也具有顯著的抗膽鹼(anticholinergic)和 alpha-1 腎上腺素受體阻斷(alpha-1 adrenergic blockade)作用。護理師在衛教病人時,必須詳細說明這些常見副作用,以便病人能及早識別並報告,避免不適或潛在的危險,同時確保用藥依從性。
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) possess significant anticholinergic properties, leading to side effects such as dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision, and constipation. Additionally, TCAs can cause orthostatic hypotension due to alpha-1 adrenergic blockade, which clients must be warned about to prevent falls and manage discomfort.
三環抗憂鬱藥的藥理作用、副作用及其護理衛教原則在國際上是普遍一致的。在台灣和美國,護理師都肩負著向病人解釋藥物副作用、監測病人反應以及確保用藥安全的責任。雖然目前新型抗憂鬱藥物(如 SSRIs)已廣泛取代 TCA 作為一線用藥,但在某些特定情況下,TCA 仍會被使用,因此護理師仍需熟悉其特性。