一位病人因嚴重感染正接受靜脈注射萬古黴素（Vancomycin），護理師發現病人臉部與頸部出現潮紅皮疹，應優先採取何種措施？
A client is receiving vancomycin IV for a severe infection. The nurse notes the client has developed a reddish rash on the face and neck. Which action should the nurse take first?
- AStop the medication infusion immediately立即停止藥物輸注
- BAdminister an antihistamine給予抗組織胺
- CNotify the physician通知醫師
- DSlow the rate of the infusion✓ 正解減慢輸注速率
此臨床表徵為「紅人症候群」（Red Man Syndrome），是因為萬古黴素輸注速度過快引起的組織胺釋放。處置原則是先減慢輸注速度，通常即可緩解症狀。若停藥或使用抗組織胺需醫囑，且減速往往足以解決問題。
The reddish rash on the face and neck suggests Red Man Syndrome, caused by rapid infusion of vancomycin leading to histamine release. The nurse should first slow the infusion rate, as this often resolves the symptoms without requiring discontinuation of the medication. Stopping the drug or administering antihistamines may be necessary if symptoms persist or worsen, but slowing the rate is the initial appropriate action.
台灣醫院對抗生素輸注速度通常有嚴格的輸液泵設定規範，美國則在處理紅人症狀時對護理師的臨床判定空間給予較多彈性。