護理師對 A 型肝炎病人進行身體評估，應採取哪種隔離措施？
A nurse is performing a physical assessment on a client with Hepatitis A. Which precautions are required?
- AContact precautions✓ 正解接觸隔離
- BAirborne precautions空氣隔離
- CDroplet precautions飛沫隔離
- DStandard precautions標準防護
A型肝炎（Hepatitis A）主要透過糞口途徑（fecal-oral route）傳播。對於患有A型肝炎的成人病人，標準防護措施（Standard precautions）通常已足夠，除非病人有糞便失禁（fecal incontinence）、包尿布或衛生習慣不佳，無法控制排泄物，此時才需要加強採取接觸隔離（Contact precautions）。在臨床判斷上，應優先評估病人的排泄物控制能力，而非自動對所有A肝病人採取接觸隔離。
Hepatitis A is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, requiring contact precautions if the client has fecal incontinence, is diapered, or has poor hygiene that could contaminate the environment. Standard precautions are generally sufficient for clients who can effectively control their bowel movements and maintain proper sanitation.
在美國，CDC對於A型肝炎的隔離規範較強調病人的排泄控制能力。若病人具備良好的如廁習慣，僅需標準防護；若為幼兒或失禁病人，則需接觸隔離。台灣臨床實務有時會較為保守，習慣性地對感染性疾病採取較嚴格的隔離層級。