— 生理適應 · HARD · SATA —
下列哪些臨床表現符合急性腎絲球腎炎？（選所有適合的）
Which clinical manifestations are consistent with acute glomerulonephritis? (Select all that apply.)
- AHematuria✓ 正解血尿
- BProteinuria✓ 正解蛋白尿
- CHypertension✓ 正解高血壓
- DHypotension低血壓
- EEdema✓ 正解水腫
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性腎絲球腎炎（Acute Glomerulonephritis）通常與鏈球菌感染後的免疫反應有關。病理機制導致腎絲球過濾率下降，造成鈉與水分滯留，引起高血壓與水腫。同時，腎絲球基底膜受損導致紅血球與蛋白質滲漏進入尿液，形成血尿與蛋白尿。臨床評估重點在於監測生命徵象（特別是血壓）、每日體重與尿量變化。
Acute glomerulonephritis involves inflammation of the glomeruli, which damages the filtration membrane and allows red blood cells and protein to leak into the urine, causing hematuria and proteinuria. The resulting decrease in glomerular filtration rate leads to sodium and water retention, which manifests clinically as hypertension and edema.