護理師為心衰竭病人靜脈注射呋塞米（furosemide）40 mg，哪些發現代表藥效達到預期？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is administering a dose of furosemide 40 mg IV to a client with heart failure. Which findings indicate the medication is effective? (Select all that apply.)
- AIncrease in urine output✓ 正解尿量增加
- BReduction in peripheral edema✓ 正解周邊水腫減輕
- CDecrease in blood pressure血壓下降
- DImprovement in respiratory status✓ 正解呼吸狀況改善
- ESerum potassium level of 3.2 mEq/L血清鉀離子濃度為 3.2 mEq/L
呋塞米作為環利尿劑，主要作用在亨利氏環阻斷鈉與氯的再吸收，進而導致水分排出。治療目標在於減輕心衰竭病人的液體負荷，表現為尿量增加、周邊水腫改善以及肺部淤血減少，從而改善呼吸狀態。低血鉀則是常見藥物副作用，非治療效果。
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that primarily acts on the loop of Henle to block sodium and chloride reabsorption, thereby promoting water excretion. The therapeutic goal is to reduce the fluid load in clients with heart failure, manifested as increased urine output, reduced peripheral edema, and decreased pulmonary congestion, which improves respiratory status. Hypokalemia is a common adverse effect rather than a therapeutic outcome.
台美皆強調監測利尿劑後的電解質變化，美國護理師常需更主動於給藥前評估鉀離子數值並決定是否給藥。