護理師針對幼兒家長進行意外預防指導，應強調哪些安全措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a group of parents about injury prevention for toddlers. Which safety measures should be emphasized? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep hot liquids out of reach將熱液體放在觸及不到的地方正確答案
- BInstall safety gates at the top and bottom of stairs在樓梯頂端和底端安裝安全門正確答案
- CMove the child to a forward-facing car seat as soon as the child turns 1 year old孩子滿 1 歲就立刻改用面向前方的安全座椅
- DLock away cleaning supplies and medications將清潔用品和藥物鎖好正確答案
- EProvide small, bite-sized toys for independent play提供小型、一口大小的玩具供獨立玩耍
- A將熱液體放在觸及不到的地方
- B在樓梯頂端和底端安裝安全門
- D將清潔用品和藥物鎖好
學步期幼兒行動力快速增加但危險意識尚未發展，傷害預防的三大重點為燙傷、墜落與中毒：A 熱液（熱湯、熱飲、熱水）應置於幼兒無法搆及之處，並避免使用垂落的桌巾；B 於樓梯上下「兩端」皆裝設安全門欄可預防墜落；D 清潔劑與藥品應上鎖存放，是預防中毒最有效的措施。選項 C 錯誤：依 AAP 兒童乘車安全政策，嬰幼兒應盡可能久地使用後向式安全座椅，直到達到該座椅製造商所允許的體重或身高上限為止；AAP 自 2018 年起已刪除「至少 2 歲」的年齡門檻，改以座椅上限作為唯一判準，而現行對流式座椅多可讓兒童後向使用至 40 至 50 磅，因此「滿 1 歲就改為前向」明顯過早。選項 E 錯誤：小型可入口的玩具是幼兒窒息的主要原因，應提供符合年齡、尺寸足夠大的玩具。
- A · 正確答案將熱液體放在觸及不到的地方
熱液體是幼兒燙傷的主要原因，應嚴格管制放置位置。
- B · 正確答案在樓梯頂端和底端安裝安全門
樓梯跌倒在幼兒期非常普遍，護欄是關鍵的防護措施。
- C孩子滿 1 歲就立刻改用面向前方的安全座椅
建議至少背向乘坐至 2 歲，並非強制要求至 4 歲。
- D · 正確答案將清潔用品和藥物鎖好
藥物與清潔劑對幼兒具有高度毒性，必須收納於觸及不到之處。
- E提供小型、一口大小的玩具供獨立玩耍
過小的玩具零件極易導致幼兒誤吞引發窒息，應嚴禁使用。
美國強調 car seat 法規，台灣則較常關注居家環境中的電器插座安全。實際要求可能受聯邦法、州法、州護理委員會規則與機構政策影響；本題依題幹所示護理原則作答。
English explanation
Options A, B, and D are correct. Option A prevents burns because hot soup, drinks, and water should remain beyond a toddler's reach, and dangling tablecloths should be avoided. Option B prevents falls because safety gates should be installed at both the top and bottom of stairs. Option D prevents poisoning because cleaning products and medications should be stored in locked locations. Option C is not selected because moving a child to a forward-facing seat immediately at age 1 is too early. The child should remain rear-facing as long as possible, until reaching the car seat manufacturer's height or weight limit. Since 2018, the American Academy of Pediatrics has used the seat limit rather than a minimum age threshold, and many current convertible seats permit rear-facing use to 40-50 pounds. Option E is not selected because small toys that fit in the mouth are a major cause of choking in toddlers; toys should be age-appropriate and large enough to avoid this hazard.
最近修訂：2026-08-25