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照護管理 · HARD · MCQ

護理師照顧一位正在嚴重癲癇發作的病人,首要護理措施為何?

A nurse is managing a client who is experiencing a violent seizure. What is the priority nursing action?

  • APosition the client on their side with the head tilted✓ 正解
    將病人置於側臥位並傾斜頭部
  • BInsert a bite block or tongue blade into the mouth
    將咬條或壓舌板插入口中
  • CAdminister an IV bolus of lorazepam immediately
    立即靜脈推注lorazepam
  • DRestrain the client's extremities to prevent injury
    約束病人四肢以預防受傷
Explanation · 中文詳解

癲癇發作(Seizure)時,病人的呼吸道通暢性、身體安全以及神經系統穩定是護理的首要考量。嚴重的癲癇發作可能導致病人失去意識、肌肉強直或陣攣,並可能咬傷舌頭或有跌落的風險。 正確答案 A(將病人側臥並傾斜頭部)是處理急性癲癇發作時最優先的措施。側臥姿勢(Position on their side)能防止舌頭後墜阻塞呼吸道,並使口腔分泌物(如唾液、嘔吐物)能順利排出,預防吸入性肺炎(Aspiration Pneumonia)。傾斜頭部(Head tilted)有助於進一步打開呼吸道。 選項 B(置入口腔阻塞器)是錯誤的。在發作期間強行置入口腔阻塞器(Bite block 或 tongue blade)可能導致牙齒斷裂、口腔黏膜撕裂,甚至將阻塞器碎片誤吸入呼吸道,造成更嚴重的傷害。選項 D(約束肢體)可能增加病人受傷的風險,如骨折、脫臼,且無法有效預防癲癇本身。選項 C(給予 IV Lorazepam)是重要的藥物治療,但應在確保病人呼吸道通暢與安全後進行,且通常需要先建立靜脈輸液途徑。

Position the client on their side with the head tilted to keep the airway patent and prevent aspiration of secretions or vomitus. Avoid inserting objects into the mouth or restraining the client, as these actions can cause injury.

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