— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師對老年人進行營養健康工作坊。應包含哪些建議？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is conducting a workshop on nutritional health for elderly clients. Which recommendations should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AIncrease intake of fiber-rich foods to prevent constipation✓ 正解增加富含纖維的食物攝取以預防便秘
- BPrioritize high-caloric liquid supplements over meals優先選擇高熱量液體補充品而非正餐
- CMaintain adequate hydration even if thirst sensation decreases✓ 正解即使渴覺減退也應維持充足的水分攝取
- DIncrease vitamin B12 supplementation if absorption issues exist✓ 正解若存在吸收問題應增加維生素B12的補充
- EEnsure protein intake remains sufficient to maintain muscle mass✓ 正解確保蛋白質攝取充足以維持肌肉量
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
老年人隨著代謝變慢與消化功能改變，營養重點在於高纖（防便秘）、足夠水分（口渴感降低容易脫水）、補充維生素 B12（因胃酸分泌減少影響吸收），以及優質蛋白質攝取以預防肌少症。B 錯誤：應以天然食物為主，營養補充品為輔，不可替代正餐。
Nutritional recommendations for elderly clients should focus on preventing common age-related issues such as constipation, dehydration, and sarcopenia. Increasing fiber intake aids bowel regularity, while maintaining adequate hydration is crucial because the thirst reflex diminishes with age. Additionally, ensuring sufficient protein and addressing potential vitamin B12 absorption issues supports overall health and muscle mass maintenance.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台皆強調老人營養，台灣特別強調「肌少症」與「牙口」問題，建議質地較軟的蛋白質。