— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ —
一位 55 歲病人詢問護理師關於皮膚癌的一級預防策略。護理師應提供哪項建議？
A 55-year-old client asks the nurse about primary prevention strategies for skin cancer. Which recommendation should the nurse provide?
- AAvoid sun exposure during peak hours from 10 AM to 4 PM✓ 正解避開上午 10 點至下午 4 點的高峰日照時段
- BApply sunscreen with SPF 15 every 6 hours每 6 小時塗抹 SPF 15 的防曬乳
- CPerform monthly self-skin examinations每月進行皮膚自我檢查
- DSchedule an annual clinical skin examination with a dermatologist安排每年由皮膚科醫師進行臨床皮膚檢查
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
一級預防旨在防止疾病發生。避開紫外線最強時段（上午 10 點至下午 4 點）能直接減少致癌因子暴露。選項 C 和 D 為二級預防（篩檢），旨在早期發現；選項 B 的防曬建議 SPF 至少 30 且需每 2 小時補擦，而非 6 小時。
Primary prevention aims to prevent disease from occurring. Avoiding peak UV hours (10 AM to 4 PM) directly reduces exposure to carcinogenic radiation. Options C and D are secondary prevention (screening) aimed at early detection. For option B, the recommendation for sunscreen is at least SPF 30 with reapplication every 2 hours, not SPF 15 every 6 hours.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對於皮膚癌衛教重點相似，但美國因白種人比例高，對於防曬措施的推廣在公共衛生教育中佔比更重。