— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師向社區民眾解釋「群體免疫」概念。哪項敘述正確？
A nurse is explaining the concept of 'herd immunity' to a community group. Which statement is correct?
- AIt occurs when a large proportion of a population is immune to an infection✓ 正解當人口中有相當大比例對某種感染具有免疫力時就會發生
- BIt means the virus will be eradicated permanently這意味著病毒將被永久根除
- CIt is only effective against bacterial infections它僅對細菌感染有效
- DIt eliminates the need for any individual to be vaccinated它消除了任何人需要接種疫苗的需求
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
群體免疫（Herd Immunity）是公共衛生中極為重要的概念，指當群體中擁有免疫力（透過疫苗接種或自然感染）的人數比例達到一定門檻時，病原體難以尋找易感宿主，導致傳播鏈中斷，從而保護了群體中無法接種疫苗的脆弱族群（如免疫缺陷者、過敏者）。此概念並非為了消滅病毒，而是降低疾病爆發的規模與頻率，維持醫療資源的負載能力。
Herd immunity occurs when a significant portion of a population becomes immune to an infectious disease, thereby providing indirect protection to those who are not immune. This high level of immunity interrupts the chain of transmission, reducing the overall spread of the pathogen rather than guaranteeing permanent eradication or eliminating the need for individual vaccination.