— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · EASY · SATA —
護理師指導病人自我注射胰島素，哪些內容是必要的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about self-administration of insulin. Which instructions are essential? (Select all that apply.)
- ARotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy✓ 正解輪換注射部位以預防脂肪營養不良
- BStore unopened vials in the freezer將未開啟的安瓿瓶存放在冷凍庫
- CWash hands thoroughly before preparation✓ 正解準備前徹底洗手
- DGently roll the cloudy insulin vial between palms✓ 正解在掌心間輕輕滾動混濁胰島素瓶
- ECheck the expiration date before usage✓ 正解使用前檢查有效日期
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
胰島素正確使用包含：輪流注射部位以預防脂肪萎縮，注射前洗手以確保無菌，混濁型胰島素（如 NPH）需輕輕搓揉混勻而非劇烈搖晃，並檢查過期日期。冷凍胰島素會導致蛋白質變性失活，故不可冷凍，只需存放於冷藏或室溫。
Essential instructions include rotating injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy, washing hands to ensure sterility, gently rolling cloudy insulin to mix particles without creating bubbles, and checking expiration dates for potency. Insulin should never be frozen, as this denatures the protein and renders it ineffective.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台均強調胰島素儲存與衛教，但美國傾向於衛教師（CDE）團隊指導，台灣則多由臨床護理師在出院前完成。