— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師為低血鉀病人靜脈注射氯化鉀，下列哪項是最關鍵的安全預防措施？
A nurse is administering a dose of IV potassium chloride to a client with hypokalemia. What is the most critical safety precaution the nurse must implement?
- AAssess the IV site for signs of infiltration評估靜脈注射部位是否有滲漏跡象
- BVerify the patient's identity using two identifiers使用兩種識別方式確認病人身份
- CMonitor the patient's urine output hourly每小時監測病人尿液排出量
- DDilute the medication and administer it via an infusion pump✓ 正解稀釋藥物並透過輸注幫浦給藥
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
靜脈給予氯化鉀極具危險性，若濃度過高或滴注過快易導致心律不整甚至心搏停止。必須嚴格稀釋並透過輸液幫浦控制流速，絕不可直接靜脈推注（IV push）。其餘選項雖重要，但輸注幫浦是防止致命劑量錯誤的第一道防線。
Intravenous potassium chloride is highly dangerous because rapid infusion or high concentration can cause fatal cardiac arrhythmias or arrest. Therefore, the medication must be properly diluted and administered via an infusion pump to strictly control the rate, as direct IV push is absolutely contraindicated.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師對高警訊藥物（High-Alert Meds）的雙重簽核制度極為嚴格；台灣通常由醫師開立特定速率，護理師監控。