護理師正在指導一位患有週邊動脈疾病（PAD）的病人居家安全與足部護理。護理師應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) about home safety and foot care. Which instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AApply a heating pad to the feet at night to improve circulation夜間在雙腳使用熱敷墊以改善循環
- BAvoid crossing your legs while sitting✓ 正解坐著時避免交叉雙腿
- CInspect feet daily using a mirror if needed✓ 正解如有需要，每日使用鏡子檢查雙腳
- DWear well-fitting, supportive shoes at all times when walking✓ 正解行走時始終穿著合腳且具有支撐力的鞋子
- EApply moisturizing lotion between the toes to prevent cracking在趾間塗抹保濕乳液以防止乾裂
週邊動脈疾病（PAD）導致血流供應不足，伴隨而來的是感覺神經受損與傷口癒合困難。核心教育方針是「預防受傷」與「促進灌流」。不交叉雙膝（B）可避免壓迫動脈，維持灌流。每日檢查足部（C）是為了及早發現潰瘍或發紅，因為病人可能因感覺遲鈍而察覺不到。穿著合適的鞋子（D）能預防摩擦與撞擊傷。錯誤選項分析：熱敷（A）極其危險，因為 PAD 病人對溫度不敏感，極易燙傷且傷口難癒。趾縫間（E）不可塗抹乳液，因為趾縫潮濕容易誘發黴菌感染（足癬）與皮膚糜爛，這是護理衛教中非常容易出錯的細節。臨床思路應聚焦於：PAD = 缺血 + 感覺喪失，所有干預措施必須環繞在減少組織損傷與避免壓迫上。
Clients with peripheral arterial disease have impaired circulation and decreased sensation, making them highly susceptible to injury and slow wound healing. Nurses should instruct clients to avoid crossing their legs to prevent arterial compression, inspect feet daily for early signs of breakdown, and wear well-fitting shoes to protect against trauma. Heating pads are contraindicated due to burn risk from sensory loss, and lotion should not be applied between toes to prevent fungal infections.
美國護理衛教非常強調「禁止熱敷」與「禁止趾縫塗抹乳液」的細節，且常由專科足科護理師（Podiatry RN）介入。台灣臨床衛教常籠統提到保暖，若未強調不可熱敷，病人常誤用熱水泡腳或電毯，導致嚴重的後果，這也是兩地在安全預防細節上的差異。