— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · SATA —
護理師舉辦疫苗安全研討會，下列哪些關於預防接種的敘述正確？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is conducting a workshop on vaccine safety. Which statements regarding immunizations are accurate? (Select all that apply.)
- AVaccines are tested extensively for safety before approval✓ 正解疫苗在核准前經過廣泛的安全性測試
- BMild fever is a common, expected reaction to many vaccines✓ 正解輕微發燒是許多疫苗的常見且預期的反應
- CNatural immunity is always safer and stronger than vaccine-induced immunity自然免疫力總是比疫苗誘導的免疫力更安全且更強
- DVaccines can cause the disease they are meant to prevent疫苗會導致它們旨在預防的疾病
- EAdverse reactions are monitored through systems like VAERS✓ 正解透過 VAERS 等系統監測不良反應
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
疫苗接種是公共衛生的重要基石。疫苗在進入臨床應用前需經歷嚴謹的安全性測試。常見的反應如輕微發燒或注射部位紅腫，屬於免疫系統對抗原的正常反應，而非疾病感染。此外，全球醫療體系設有疫苗不良反應通報系統（如美國的 VAERS），以進行持續性的安全性監測。自然免疫雖強，但伴隨極高風險的併發症，疫苗則提供更安全的免疫保護。
Vaccines undergo rigorous safety testing before approval, and mild reactions such as low-grade fever are expected immune responses to the antigen. Adverse events are continuously monitored through systems like VAERS, ensuring ongoing safety surveillance. Natural immunity carries higher risks of severe complications compared to the controlled protection offered by vaccines.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國對於疫苗接種的衛教極為重視，且 VAERS 通報系統是全國性標準。台灣護理師在赴美前，應特別加強針對疫苗安全性與科學實證的諮詢能力，以應對民眾對於疫苗接種的疑慮。