— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一名急性胰臟炎病人出現血壓驟降與心率加快。護理師應優先評估哪種電解質不平衡？
A client with acute pancreatitis presents with a sudden decrease in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate. Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse prioritize checking?
- AHypomagnesemia低血鎂
- BHypocalcemia✓ 正解低血鈣
- CHyperkalemia高血鉀
- DHyponatremia低血鈉
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性胰臟炎因脂肪壞死，脂肪酸與鈣結合形成皂化反應，導致低血鈣。低血鈣會引發特魯索氏徵象（Trousseau's sign）與夏夫斯基徵象（Chvostek's sign），嚴重時導致心律不整與休克，是該病常見的致命性併發症，需密切監控並準備鈣劑補充。
Acute pancreatitis can cause fat necrosis, where fatty acids bind with calcium to form soaps, leading to hypocalcemia. Severe hypocalcemia is life-threatening as it can trigger cardiac arrhythmias and shock, making it the priority electrolyte imbalance to monitor in this context.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常需依據監測數據評估是否需增加血鈣抽檢頻率；台灣臨床較依賴醫師醫囑與實驗室檢驗時程。