一位 55 歲女性詢問大腸癌篩檢事項。護理師應提供哪些符合美國癌症協會（ACS）指引的建議？
A 55-year-old female client asks about screening for colorectal cancer. Which information is appropriate for the nurse to share regarding the American Cancer Society guidelines?
- AScreening is only necessary for those with a positive family history僅有陽性家族史者才需要篩檢
- BColonoscopy should be performed every 10 years starting at age 45✓ 正解從 45 歲開始，每 10 年進行一次大腸鏡檢查
- CFecal occult blood testing is only required if symptoms are present僅在有症狀時才需要進行糞便潛血測試
- DSigmoidoscopy is the only reliable method for early detection乙狀結腸鏡是唯一可靠的早期檢測方法
大腸癌篩檢是預防與早期診斷的關鍵。目前的國際篩檢標準，包括 ACS 指引，建議一般風險族群從 45 歲開始篩檢。大腸鏡檢查因能同時觀察並切除腺瘤，被視為黃金標準，若結果正常，每十年執行一次即可。早期篩檢的意義在於切除癌前病變，許多早期腸癌無症狀，若等到出現便血或體重減輕才篩檢，通常已非初期。C 選項錯誤，隱血試驗是為了找出無症狀的高危群；A 選項忽視了散發性腸癌的普遍性；D 選項錯誤，大腸鏡檢查能檢查全結腸，優於只能看乙狀結腸的檢查。
The American Cancer Society recommends colorectal cancer screening starting at age 45 for average-risk adults, with colonoscopy performed every 10 years if results are normal. Screening is crucial for asymptomatic individuals to detect and remove precancerous polyps, rather than waiting for symptoms like bleeding.
美國非常強調 45 歲作為篩檢分界點；台灣健保針對 50-74 歲民眾提供每兩年一次免費糞便免疫化學檢測（FIT），並鼓勵高風險群主動諮詢大腸鏡，兩國在篩檢資源的可近性規劃上有所不同。