護理師為一名 24 個月大的幼兒進行發展評估。護理師應預期看到哪一項表現？
A nurse is performing a developmental assessment of a 24-month-old toddler. Which finding should the nurse expect?
- AHops forward several times on one foot能單腳連續向前跳幾下
- BPedals a tricycle forward without help能不需協助踩三輪車前進
- CDraws a circle after being shown how看過示範後能畫出圓形
- DSays two words together, such as 'more juice'能把兩個詞連在一起說，例如「還要果汁」正確答案
- D能把兩個詞連在一起說，例如「還要果汁」
正確答案是 D。依美國疾病管制與預防中心（CDC）「Learn the Signs. Act Early.」2022 年版里程碑（多數兒童在該年齡達成），2 歲幼兒會把至少兩個詞連在一起說（如「還要牛奶」）、指出書中的物品、指出至少兩個身體部位、踢球、跑步、在協助下走上幾個台階、用湯匙吃東西。A：單腳跳是 4–5 歲的粗大動作里程碑（CDC 2022 年版列於 5 歲）。B：踩三輪車在傳統發展教科書中約 3 歲達成。C：照著示範畫圓形是 CDC 3 歲的認知里程碑。因此 A、B、C 都超出 24 個月的預期範圍。若 24 個月幼兒尚未把兩個詞連在一起說，護理師應進一步進行標準化發展篩檢並轉介評估。來源：CDC Developmental Milestones（Learn the Signs. Act Early., 2022 年修訂）；AAP Bright Futures；Hockenberry, Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children。
- A能單腳連續向前跳幾下
錯誤。單腳跳是 4–5 歲才達成的粗大動作里程碑（CDC 2022 年版列於 5 歲），24 個月幼兒不應被預期具備。
- B能不需協助踩三輪車前進
錯誤。踩三輪車前進在傳統發展教科書中約 3 歲達成，超出 2 歲幼兒的預期範圍。
- C看過示範後能畫出圓形
錯誤。看過示範後畫出圓形是 CDC 2022 年版 3 歲的認知里程碑，不是 24 個月的預期表現。
- D · 正確答案能把兩個詞連在一起說，例如「還要果汁」
正確。CDC 2 歲里程碑包括把至少兩個詞連在一起說（如「還要果汁」），這是 24 個月幼兒語言發展的預期表現。
美國依 AAP 建議在 9、18、30 個月常規進行發展篩檢，並以 CDC 里程碑衛教家長；台灣則透過兒童健康手冊、兒童預防保健與兒童發展篩檢服務進行篩檢，篩檢異常再轉介至兒童發展聯合評估中心評估。兩地里程碑內容大致相同，作答時以 CDC 里程碑為準。 台灣出處：衛生福利部國民健康署〈兒童健康手冊〉（2026）；衛生福利部國民健康署〈兒童發展篩檢服務方案〉（未標示）
English explanation
Option D is correct. According to the CDC 'Learn the Signs. Act Early.' milestones revised in 2022 (skills most children have by that age), a 2-year-old says at least two words together such as 'more milk,' points to things in a book when asked, points to at least two body parts, kicks a ball, runs, walks up a few stairs with or without help, and eats with a spoon. Option A is incorrect because hopping on one foot is a gross motor milestone of 4 to 5 years; the 2022 CDC list places it at 5 years. Option B is incorrect because pedaling a tricycle is achieved at about 3 years in traditional developmental texts. Option C is incorrect because drawing a circle after a demonstration is a CDC cognitive milestone for 3 years. All three are beyond what is expected at 24 months. If a 24-month-old is not yet combining two words, the nurse should perform a standardized developmental screening and refer for further evaluation. Source: CDC Developmental Milestones (Learn the Signs. Act Early., 2022 revision); AAP Bright Futures; Hockenberry, Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children.
最近修訂：2026-10-05