護理師照顧一位處於躁期（manic phase）的第一型雙極性疾患個案，護理計畫應包含哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with bipolar I disorder who is currently in a manic phase. Which interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)
- AProvide high-calorie, finger foods that are easy to carry✓ 正解提供高熱量、易於攜帶的手指食物
- BMaintain a low-stimulation, quiet environment✓ 正解維持低刺激、安靜的環境
- CEncourage the client to join group therapy sessions with other patients鼓勵個案與其他病患參加團體治療課程
- DSet clear, firm, and consistent limits on inappropriate behaviors✓ 正解對不當行為設定明確、堅定且一致的限制
- ESchedule complex activities throughout the day to keep the client occupied全天安排複雜的活動以佔據個案的時間
躁期病人常見特徵包括精神亢奮、注意力分散、活動量大、需求增加但無暇進食，甚至可能有攻擊性或社交踰矩行為。護理重點在於『維持生理健康』與『環境安全』。提供高熱量、易攜帶的食物（finger foods）是因為躁期病人無法安靜坐著吃飯，透過此方式可確保其熱量攝取。低刺激環境（low-stimulation）能減少個案的躁動。設置明確界線（limits）對於保護病人尊嚴及其他病友安全極其重要，且必須由團隊全體一致執行。團體治療（C）通常不適合急性躁期病人，因其干擾性大且容易被外界刺激，通常需待症狀控制後再參與。複雜活動（E）會增加個案挫折感，應選擇單純、具重複性且不需過度思考的活動。
Nursing care for a manic client includes providing high-calorie finger foods to ensure nutrition despite restlessness and maintaining a low-stimulation environment to reduce overarousal. Setting firm, consistent limits is essential for safety, while group therapy and complex tasks are avoided as they can increase agitation or frustration.
在美國，這類病人的照護常由跨專業團隊（Interdisciplinary Team）共同管理，針對環境限制有嚴格標準。台灣則常見於封閉式精神病房，管理上更依賴藥物治療與物理約束（若必要），護理師在活動安排的自主權較受限。