— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師在社區進行皮膚癌初級預防衛教，下列哪項說明最恰當？
A nurse is teaching a community group about primary prevention of skin cancer. Which statement by the nurse is appropriate?
- ASchedule a full-body dermatological examination annually每年安排一次全身皮膚科檢查
- BApply sunscreen with at least SPF 30 every 2 hours when outdoors✓ 正解戶外時每兩小時塗抹SPF 30以上的防曬乳
- CAvoid sun exposure between 6 AM and 10 AM避免在上午6點至10點間曝曬陽光
- DCheck skin moles for changes using the ABCDE criteria使用ABCDE原則檢查皮膚痣的變化
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
初級預防旨在防止疾病發生，使用防曬乳保護皮膚免受紫外線傷害屬之。A 與 D 屬於次級預防（篩檢與早期發現），C 選項錯誤，應避免的是紫外線最強的 10 AM 至 4 PM 時段。適當的防曬措施能有效降低致癌風險。
Primary prevention of skin cancer involves protecting the skin from ultraviolet radiation, such as applying broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 every two hours. Annual exams and mole checks are secondary prevention strategies, and sun avoidance is most critical between 10 AM and 4 PM.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對防曬觀念一致，但美國護理師常參與皮膚癌篩檢推廣活動，台灣則多由皮膚科醫師主導。