護理師對社區民眾進行冠狀動脈疾病的一級預防衛教。下列哪項行為調整最有效？
A nurse is teaching a community group about primary prevention of coronary artery disease. Which behavior modification is most effective?
- ASmoking cessation✓ 正解戒菸
- BStarting a low-dose aspirin regimen開始服用低劑量阿斯匹靈
- CEngaging in meditation twice weekly每週兩次進行冥想
- DTaking daily multivitamin supplements每日服用綜合維他命補充劑
冠狀動脈疾病（CAD）的一級預防重點在於消除危險因子。戒菸是所有介入措施中，對降低心血管發病率效果最顯著的。吸菸直接損害血管內皮細胞，促進血栓形成與血管收縮。阿斯匹靈現行指引已不再建議作為一般大眾的一級預防（尤其對高齡者出血風險大於心臟保護效益）。綜合維他命與冥想對降低 CAD 的直接預防證據不足，戒菸才是臨床介入的首要目標。
Smoking cessation is the most effective behavior modification for the primary prevention of coronary artery disease because smoking is a major modifiable risk factor that damages blood vessels and promotes clotting. Current guidelines no longer recommend routine low-dose aspirin for primary prevention due to bleeding risks. While meditation and vitamins have general health benefits, they do not offer the same significant protective effect against cardiovascular events as quitting smoking.