— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
下列哪些是過敏性休克的徵兆?(選所有適合的)
Which of these are signs of an anaphylactic reaction? (Select all that apply.)
- AWheezing✓ 正解哮鳴音
- BUrticaria✓ 正解蕁麻疹
- CAngioedema✓ 正解血管性水腫
- DHypertension高血壓
- EHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
過敏性休克(Anaphylaxis)是一種嚴重的全身性過敏反應,涉及多個器官系統。其病理機轉為過敏原觸發免疫反應,釋放大量組織胺,導致血管擴張(引起低血壓)、血管通透性增加(引起血管性水腫)、平滑肌收縮(引起氣管痙攣/哮鳴)以及皮膚反應(蕁麻疹)。護理師需優先處理呼吸道問題(ABC 原則),並準備給予腎上腺素(Epinephrine)。
Anaphylaxis involves systemic histamine release causing bronchospasm (wheezing), skin reactions (urticaria), and angioedema. Vascular dilation leads to hypotension rather than hypertension, making these signs critical for immediate recognition and treatment.