— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些項目屬於需要標準防護的「體液」？（選所有適合的）
Which items are considered 'Body Fluids' requiring standard precautions? (Select all that apply.)
- ABlood✓ 正解血液
- BSemen✓ 正解精液
- CCerebrospinal fluid✓ 正解腦脊髓液
- DSweat汗水
- ESynovial fluid✓ 正解滑液
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
標準防護（Standard Precautions）適用於所有病人，無論其診斷為何。其核心在於將所有體液與分泌物視為潛在傳染源。除了汗水外，血液、體液、分泌物與排泄物均需採取防護措施。這能有效阻斷血源性與接觸性病原體的傳播。護理師應養成習慣，在處理上述體液時確實執行手部衛生與穿戴個人防護裝備（PPE）。
Standard precautions apply to all clients regardless of diagnosis, treating all body fluids, secretions, and excretions as potentially infectious. Blood, semen, cerebrospinal fluid, and synovial fluid require protective measures, whereas sweat is not considered a vector for transmission. Nurses must perform hand hygiene and wear personal protective equipment when handling these fluids.