護理師教導一位穩定型心絞痛病人使用舌下硝化甘油。哪項說明是關鍵？
A nurse is teaching a client about the use of sublingual nitroglycerin for stable angina. Which instruction is key?
- AStore the medication in a light-resistant container✓ 正解將藥物存放在避光容器中
- BIf no relief after one dose, take a second dose immediately and call 911若服用一劑後無緩解，立即服用第二劑並撥打 911
- CSwallow the tablet with a full glass of water用一杯滿的水吞服藥片
- DKeep the medication in your pocket for body warmth將藥物放在口袋裡以保持溫暖
舌下硝化甘油（Nitroglycerin）是治療穩定型心絞痛的血管擴張劑。其藥理特性極度不穩定，易受光線、熱能及濕氣影響而失去藥效。護理衛教的核心在於確保藥物效價，並指導病人正確的急救應變流程（ABC原則）。病人應在胸痛發作時立即舌下含服，若服用一劑後症狀未緩解，需每5分鐘再服一劑，最多三劑，且若第一劑無效後即應撥打緊急醫療救護電話（911），而非等到三劑無效才行動。
Nitroglycerin is highly unstable and sensitive to light, heat, and moisture, so it must be stored in its original light-resistant container to maintain potency. Clients should be instructed to take one dose for chest pain and repeat every five minutes if needed, calling emergency services if pain persists after the first dose rather than waiting for all three doses.
在美國，這類病人會被衛教在服用第一劑硝化甘油後，若疼痛未改善即應立即撥打911；而在台灣常見衛教為「服三劑無效再就醫」，此差異源於美國偏遠地區救護車到達時間較長，強調提早啟動緊急救援系統（EMS）以爭取黃金治療時間。