護理師正在教導病人如何正確使用定量噴霧吸入器（MDI）。應包含哪些步驟？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about the proper use of a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). Which steps should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- AShake the inhaler vigorously before use✓ 正解使用前用力搖晃吸入器
- BBreathe in quickly and shallowly快速且淺地吸氣
- CHold breath for 10 seconds after inhalation✓ 正解吸氣後閉氣 10 秒
- DWait 1 minute between puffs of the same medication✓ 正解同種藥物兩次噴霧之間等待 1 分鐘
- EExhale fully before placing the inhaler in the mouth✓ 正解將吸入器放入口中前完全呼氣
定量噴霧吸入器（Metered-Dose Inhaler, MDI）是氣喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）病人常用的藥物傳遞裝置。正確的使用技巧對於確保藥物能有效達到肺部，發揮治療作用至關重要。不正確的使用會導致大部分藥物沉積在口腔和喉嚨，減少進入肺部的藥量，從而降低療效。 護理師在衛教病人時，應詳細示範並強調每個步驟的目的，確保病人理解並能正確操作。這些步驟旨在最大化藥物到達肺部的效率，確保治療效果，並減少口腔副作用，如念珠菌感染（oral candidiasis）。
Proper metered-dose inhaler (MDI) technique involves shaking the device to mix the medication, exhaling fully before placement to maximize lung capacity, and holding the breath for approximately 10 seconds to allow drug deposition. Patients should wait at least one minute between puffs to ensure adequate delivery of subsequent doses. Rapid, shallow breathing is incorrect as it reduces medication reaching the lower airways.