— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些是低血鉀的徵兆？（選所有適合的）
Which of these are signs of hypokalemia? (Select all that apply.)
- AMuscle weakness✓ 正解肌肉無力
- BCardiac dysrhythmias✓ 正解心律不整
- CT-wave inversion✓ 正解T波倒置
- DIncreased GI motility腸胃蠕動增加
- ETall, peaked T-waves高大尖銳的T波
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血鉀（Hypokalemia）會影響細胞膜的靜止電位，導致神經肌肉與心臟傳導異常。臨床表現包括骨骼肌無力、腸胃蠕動減慢（便秘、腹脹）以及心律不整。在心電圖（ECG）上，典型的變化為 T 波倒置或平坦、U 波出現。高血鉀才會出現 Tall, peaked T-waves。護理師需根據這些徵兆評估病人狀況，並注意靜脈給鉀時的濃度限制。
Hypokalemia disrupts cell membrane potentials, leading to neuromuscular and cardiac conduction abnormalities. Clinical manifestations include skeletal muscle weakness, decreased gastrointestinal motility causing constipation, and cardiac dysrhythmias. Electrocardiogram changes typically present as flattened or inverted T-waves and the appearance of U waves.