護理師到一位有新生兒的個案家中進行家訪。育嬰室中的哪項發現需要立即干預？
A nurse is performing a home visit for a client with a newborn. Which finding in the nursery requires immediate intervention?
- AThere are several stuffed animals and a soft pillow in the crib.✓ 正解搖籃內有數隻絨毛玩具和一個軟枕頭。
- BThe newborn is sleeping on their back.新生兒仰臥睡覺。
- CThe room temperature is set at 70°F (21°C).室溫設定為 70°F (21°C)。
- DA firm mattress is covered with a tight-fitting sheet.堅硬的床墊上鋪有緊密貼合的床單。
本題考驗護理師對於新生兒安全睡眠環境的知識，這是預防嬰兒猝死症（Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, SIDS）的關鍵。新生兒的居家安全是護理師在進行家訪時必須評估的重要環節，尤其是在嬰兒床的佈置上，錯誤的做法可能導致窒息或其他意外。 正確答案 A 指出嬰兒床內放置絨毛玩具和柔軟枕頭，這是一個需要立即干預的危險發現。根據美國兒科學會（AAP）的建議，為了降低 SIDS 和意外窒息的風險，嬰兒床內應保持淨空，不應放置任何鬆軟物品，包括枕頭、厚被、絨毛玩具或床圍等。這些物品可能在嬰兒睡夢中覆蓋其口鼻，造成窒息。 其他選項描述的環境條件均符合新生兒安全睡眠的建議，因此不需干預。護理師應向家長強調安全睡眠的重要性，並教導正確的嬰兒床佈置方式。
This item assesses the nurse's knowledge of a safe sleep environment for the newborn, the key to preventing sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Home safety for the newborn is a critical assessment for the nurse during home visits, particularly regarding crib setup, where errors may lead to suffocation or other accidents. The correct answer A identifies stuffed animals and a soft pillow in the crib as a dangerous finding requiring immediate intervention. The AAP recommends keeping the crib empty of any soft items, including pillows, thick blankets, stuffed animals, and bumper pads, to reduce the risk of SIDS and accidental suffocation. These items can cover the infant's nose and mouth during sleep, causing suffocation. The other options describe environmental conditions consistent with safe sleep recommendations and do not require intervention. The nurse should reinforce the importance of safe sleep and teach parents the correct crib setup.
台美兩地對於新生兒安全睡眠的衛教原則高度一致，都遵循美國兒科學會（AAP）的建議，強調「獨睡、仰睡、同室不同床」的原則。嬰兒床內淨空（無枕頭、棉被、絨毛玩具、床圍）是預防嬰兒猝死症（SIDS）和窒息的共同重要指引。護理師在產後衛教和居家訪視時，都會重點指導家長佈置安全的嬰兒睡眠環境，確保嬰兒安全。