— 心理社會完整性 · EASY · MCQ —
一位 45 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的病患準備進行手術，護理師觀察到病患在走廊踱步且對手術表達擔憂。下列何者為最合適的初步護理措施？
A 45-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder is admitted for surgery. The nurse notes the client is pacing and expressing worry about the procedure. Which initial intervention is most appropriate?
- AAcknowledge the client's feelings and allow them to verbalize concerns✓ 正解認可病人的感受並允許其表達擔憂
- BProvide a detailed explanation of the surgical risks提供手術風險的詳細說明
- CEncourage the client to practice deep breathing exercises immediately鼓勵病人立即練習深呼吸運動
- DAdminister the prescribed PRN anxiolytic medication給予處方的按需（PRN）抗焦慮藥物
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
面對焦慮症病人，護理措施應優先考慮建立治療性關係（Therapeutic Relationship）與降低病人的焦慮水準。透過傾聽與同理心，讓病人表達其擔憂，不僅能收集資訊，還能幫助病人宣洩情緒，減輕無助感。直接強迫介入或過度資訊提供，可能會加劇病人的防衛心或認知負荷，必須先建立安全感後才能進行後續指導。
The initial intervention should focus on establishing a therapeutic relationship through active listening and acknowledging the client's feelings. Allowing the client to verbalize concerns helps reduce anxiety by addressing the root cause and building trust. Pharmacological or physical relaxation techniques are secondary to this foundational communication step.