— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師照護一位老年個案。下列哪項是心血管系統的與年齡相關之變化？
A nurse is caring for an elderly client. Which of the following is an age-related change in the cardiovascular system?
- AHigher maximum cardiac output during stress壓力下較高的最大心輸出量
- BIncreased heart rate at rest靜止時心率增加
- CIncreased arterial stiffness✓ 正解動脈僵硬度增加
- DImproved response to sympathetic nervous system stimulation對交感神經系統刺激的反應改善
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
隨著年齡增長，心血管系統會發生結構性改變。最典型的變化是動脈血管壁彈性纖維減少、膠原蛋白增加，導致血管僵硬度增加（Arterial stiffness）。這種現象會使收縮壓升高（Isolated systolic hypertension）。其他選項如心率增加或輸出量提升均非正常老化現象，反而是心功能衰退的表現。
With aging, the cardiovascular system undergoes structural changes. The most typical change is reduced elastic fibers and increased collagen in arterial walls, leading to increased arterial stiffness. This results in elevated systolic blood pressure (isolated systolic hypertension). Other options such as increased heart rate or output are not normal aging changes but signs of cardiac dysfunction.