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藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ

一位病人正以每小時 10 mEq 的速度滴注氯化鉀(KCl)靜脈點滴。護理師發現輸液部位冰冷、腫脹,病人主訴有燒灼感。首要行動為何?

A client is receiving an intravenous infusion of Potassium Chloride (KCl) at 10 mEq/hr. The nurse notes that the IV site is cool, swollen, and the client complains of a burning sensation. What is the priority action?

  • ASlow down the infusion rate to 5 mEq/hr
    將輸注速率減慢至 5 mEq/hr
  • BAspirate the remaining medication from the IV catheter
    從靜脈導管抽吸剩餘藥物
  • CStop the infusion immediately✓ 正解
    立即停止輸注
  • DApply a warm compress to the site and continue the infusion
    在患處施加熱敷並繼續輸注
Explanation · 中文詳解

靜脈注射氯化鉀(KCl)對血管具有高度刺激性,屬於滲漏(Extravasation)高風險藥物。當病人出現腫脹、冷感及燒灼感時,這代表出現了輸液外滲(Infiltration/Extravasation)。護理的首要原則是立即停止輸液(Stop the infusion),以防止更多的刺激性藥液進入組織造成壞死。繼續輸液(D)或僅減慢速度(A)都會持續損害組織。雖然抽吸殘餘藥物(B)是後續處理步驟之一,但「第一動作」必須是切斷來源。停止後應移除導管(或依政策保留以注射解毒劑)、抬高患肢並通知醫師。安全原則在此處體現為:一旦發現潛在的組織損傷,必須先終止致病因素。

The priority action is to stop the infusion immediately because coolness, swelling, and burning indicate potassium chloride extravasation, which can cause severe tissue necrosis. Continuing the infusion or merely slowing the rate would allow more irritant to enter the subcutaneous tissue, while aspiration is a secondary step performed only after stopping the flow.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國護理對於外滲處理有非常嚴格的標準流程(INS Standards),通常會要求保留導管以嘗試抽吸藥液;台灣部分臨床習慣是先拔除再熱敷。但在 NCLEX 中,「立即停止輸液」是全球公認的最高優先級。

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