— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師指導一位 55 歲病人有關大腸癌篩檢的重要性。病人說出哪句話表示他理解相關指引?
A nurse is instructing a 55-year-old client on the importance of colorectal cancer screening. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the guidelines?
- AI only need to be tested if I notice blood in my stool.只有當我注意到糞便有血時才需要接受檢測。
- BI should have a colonoscopy every 10 years starting at age 45.✓ 正解我應該從 45 歲開始,每 10 年接受一次大腸鏡檢查。
- CIf my tests are normal, I never need to be screened again.如果我的檢測結果正常,我就永遠不需要再接受篩檢了。
- DFecal occult blood testing is sufficient to replace colonoscopy.糞便潛血檢測足以取代大腸鏡檢查。
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
大腸癌篩檢是健康促進的關鍵。根據美國預防服務工作小組(USPSTF)與美國癌症協會(ACS)指引,一般風險族群應從 45 歲開始進行篩檢。大腸鏡(Colonoscopy)被視為篩檢黃金標準,因為它能同時進行診斷與息肉切除。若檢查結果正常,通常建議每 10 年追蹤一次。護理師需強調無症狀篩檢的重要性,因為大腸癌初期常無臨床徵兆。
Current guidelines recommend that average-risk adults begin colorectal cancer screening at age 45. A colonoscopy is considered the gold standard for screening because it allows for both detection and removal of precancerous polyps, and it is typically repeated every 10 years if results are normal.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣衛生福利部國民健康署針對 50-74 歲民眾提供每兩年一次的糞便潛血檢查。美國則將篩檢年齡降至 45 歲,且大腸鏡檢查在美國保險覆蓋下更為普及,這與台灣目前推廣的篩檢策略與年齡區間有所差異。