一位有氣喘病史的病人因急性發作入院。護理師在給藥前應向醫師確認哪種藥物?
A client with a history of asthma is admitted for an acute exacerbation. Which medication should the nurse clarify with the healthcare provider before administration?
- AIpratropium inhalerIpratropium 吸入器
- BPropranolol orally✓ 正解口服 Propranolol
- CAlbuterol nebulizerAlbuterol 霧化吸入
- DMethylprednisolone intravenously靜脈注射 Methylprednisolone
氣喘病人的用藥禁忌是護理安全考驗的重點。Propranolol(選項 B)是一種非選擇性 Beta 受體阻斷劑(Non-selective Beta-blocker),它不僅阻斷心臟的 Beta-1 受體,也會阻斷支氣管平滑肌上的 Beta-2 受體。對於氣喘病人而言,阻斷 Beta-2 會導致嚴重的支氣管收縮(Bronchospasm),可能誘發致命的氣喘發作。其他選項:Albuterol(C)是 Beta-2 激動劑,用於擴張支氣管;Methylprednisolone(D)是類固醇,用於減輕發炎;Ipratropium(A)是抗膽鹼藥物,也是支氣管擴張劑。臨床護理師必須對藥物的受體選擇性有高度警覺,任何『非選擇性』Beta 阻斷劑出現在氣喘病人的醫囑中都必須被質疑(Clarify)。
Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that inhibits both cardiac and bronchial beta receptors. Blocking beta-2 receptors in the lungs can cause severe bronchoconstriction, which is dangerous for clients with asthma. The nurse must clarify this prescription with the provider to prevent potential respiratory distress.
美國護理教育非常強調藥理機轉與禁忌症的聯想。在台灣,若病人同時患有高血壓與氣喘,醫師有時會開立『選擇性』Beta 阻斷劑(如 Atenolol),但護理師仍需確認病人對藥物的耐受性。NCLEX 則常以 Propranolol 作為非選擇性的代表考點。