護理師正在教導病人清流質飲食。哪種項目是允許的？
A nurse is teaching a client about a clear liquid diet. Which item is allowed?
- AApple juice✓ 正解蘋果汁
- BVanilla pudding香草布丁
- COrange juice with pulp帶果肉柳橙汁
- DCream of mushroom soup奶油蘑菇濃湯
清流質飲食（Clear Liquid Diet）的核心概念是提供在室溫下呈液態、透明且不含固體顆粒或渣滓的食物。這類飲食通常用於手術前後或胃腸道檢查前，旨在減少對消化系統的負擔並防止脫水。蘋果汁符合「透明且無渣」的標準。護理師在衛教時，應強調「透明」是關鍵指標，若將液體放入透明容器中能看透過去，通常即屬於清流質。臨床思路上，若病人剛從禁食（NPO）轉為進食，清流質是第一步，需觀察病人的耐受程度，避免因誤食含有纖維或乳製品的食物導致嘔吐或腸胃不適。
A clear liquid diet consists of fluids that are transparent and free of solid particles or pulp at room temperature, such as apple juice. Items like pudding, cream of mushroom soup, and orange juice with pulp belong to a full liquid diet because they contain solids, fibers, or opacity that do not meet the criteria for a clear liquid.
在台灣臨床，常將飲食簡單分為流質、半流質與軟食。美國 NCLEX 則嚴格區分「清流質（Clear Liquid）」與「全流質（Full Liquid）」。清流質僅限透明液體（如黑咖啡、肉湯、果凍），而全流質則包含牛奶、布丁、濃湯等不透明項目。