— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師衛教病人關於高血壓的「可改變危險因子」。應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about modifiable risk factors for hypertension. Which factors should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- ASmoking cessation✓ 正解戒菸
- BAge年齡
- CExcessive sodium intake✓ 正解鈉攝取過量
- DSedentary lifestyle✓ 正解久坐的生活方式
- EFamily history家族病史
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高血壓危險因子分為「不可改變」（Non-modifiable）與「可改變」（Modifiable）。NCLEX 側重於護理師能介入並衛教病人改善的生活型態。吸菸、鈉攝取與活動量均屬於行為層面，可透過衛教與病人自我管理進行改善。年齡與家族史屬於遺傳與生物性因素，護理師應評估這些風險，但無法指導病人改變。
Modifiable risk factors for hypertension include behaviors that can be changed through lifestyle interventions, such as smoking cessation, reducing excessive sodium intake, and increasing physical activity. These factors directly influence vascular health and fluid balance. In contrast, age and family history are non-modifiable genetic or biological factors that nurses can assess but cannot change.