— 生理適應 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師照顧一位抗利尿激素分泌失調症（SIADH）病人。應預期到哪項實驗室檢查發現？
A nurse is caring for a client with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which laboratory finding should the nurse expect?
- ASerum hypoosmolality✓ 正解血清低滲透壓
- BHigh serum osmolality高血清滲透壓
- CHigh urine output高尿量
- DHypernatremia高血鈉
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
SIADH 是抗利尿激素分泌過多，導致水分滯留，體液稀釋。結果為血清鈉濃度降低（稀釋性低血鈉）、血清滲透壓下降。同時尿液會濃縮，尿鈉高、尿滲透壓高。選項 D、B 為尿崩症（DI）的表現，C 亦是 DI 的特徵。
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) causes excessive water retention, which dilutes serum electrolytes and lowers blood osmolality. This results in hyponatremia and hypoosmolality, contrasting with diabetes insipidus, which is characterized by hypernatremia and high serum osmolality due to water loss.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常需計算限水攝取量；台灣同樣執行限水，但針對嚴格的滴數與計算較為依賴醫療儀器。