護理師教導個案預防職業性肌肉骨骼傷害。哪些技術是建議的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about preventing work-related musculoskeletal injuries. Which techniques are recommended? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the object close to the body when lifting✓ 正解搬運時將物體靠近身體
- BPivot your feet instead of twisting your back✓ 正解以雙腳轉動代替扭轉背部
- CLift with your back muscles使用背部肌肉搬運
- DUse mechanical lifting devices for heavy loads✓ 正解重物使用機械搬運裝置
- EBend at the waist to pick up objects彎腰撿拾物體
預防職業性肌肉骨骼傷害（Musculoskeletal injuries）的核心在於運用人體工學（Ergonomics）原則，減少脊椎與關節的不當受力。搬運重物時，必須將重心維持在身體基礎支撐面內，透過雙腳轉向而非腰部扭轉來改變方向，並優先使用輔具以降低對身體的負荷。臨床照護中，護理師應優先評估個案能力，必要時執行團隊搬運，確保安全。
Proper body mechanics for lifting include keeping objects close to the body to reduce spinal strain, pivoting feet instead of twisting the back to avoid disc injury, and using mechanical aids for heavy loads. Lifting with back muscles or bending at the waist increases the risk of musculoskeletal injury. These ergonomic principles protect the spine and joints during physical tasks.
美國醫院對於病人搬運極度強調使用輔具（No-lift policy），護理師應嚴格遵守，若強行徒手搬運導致受傷，通常不在公傷賠償範圍內；台灣臨床則較常因人力不足而採取徒手搬運。