— 照護管理 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師正在照護一名需要接觸隔離（Contact Precautions）的傳染病病人。下列哪些護理措施應納入照護計畫中？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a contagious disease that requires contact precautions. Which actions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)
- AWear a gown and gloves when entering the room✓ 正解進入房間時穿著防護衣和手套
- BPerform hand hygiene before leaving the room✓ 正解離開房間前執行手部衛生
- CPlace the client in a negative-pressure airflow room將病人安置於負壓氣流病房
- DLimit transport of the client outside the room✓ 正解限制病人離開病房外出
- EDedicate specific medical equipment to the client's room✓ 正解將特定醫療設備專供該病人房間使用
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
接觸隔離的目的為阻斷透過直接或間接接觸傳播的病原體。標準措施包含穿戴防護衣物（手套與隔離衣）、嚴格洗手以防交叉污染、限制病人移動以降低傳播風險，並使用專屬器材（如聽診器、血壓計）避免污染擴散。負壓隔離病房適用於空氣傳播（Airborne）疾病，非接觸隔離之必要措施。
Contact precautions aim to block pathogens transmitted via direct or indirect contact through measures such as wearing gowns and gloves, performing strict hand hygiene, limiting client transport, and using dedicated equipment. Negative-pressure rooms are reserved for airborne precautions and are not required for contact isolation protocols.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美兩地在隔離防護原則皆參考 CDC 標準，但在專屬器材（dedicated equipment）的執行上，台灣受限於成本有時會採取徹底消毒後共用，美國則較嚴格實施專物專用。