— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師照顧一位老年病患，下列哪項評估結果最能顯示該個案具備良好的健康維護？
A nurse is caring for an older adult patient. Which assessment finding best indicates effective health maintenance?
- APatient sleeps only 5 hours per night患者每晚僅睡 5 小時
- BPatient has had a shingles vaccination✓ 正解患者已接種帶狀皰疹疫苗
- CPatient exercises for 10 minutes once a week患者每週僅運動 10 分鐘一次
- DPatient takes three different supplements daily患者每天服用三種不同的補充劑
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
健康維護（Health Maintenance）的核心在於預防勝於治療。對於老年族群，免疫系統功能隨年齡下降，預防傳染病是提升生活品質與減少併發症的關鍵。帶狀皰疹（Shingles）疫苗能有效減少水痘帶狀皰疹病毒（VZV）復發引起的劇烈神經痛與併發症，是美國 CDC 強烈建議 50 歲以上成人施打的疫苗。護理師應評估個案的疫苗接種史，將其納入健康維護計畫的優先項目。
Receiving the shingles vaccine is a key preventive health measure for older adults, as it significantly reduces the risk of painful complications from the varicella-zoster virus. Preventive care, such as immunization, is prioritized in health maintenance for the elderly to compensate for age-related declines in immune function.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國非常強調成人預防接種（Adult Immunization），CDC 與 ACIP 對流感、肺炎鏈球菌、帶狀皰疹及 TDAP 疫苗有明確的年齡建議，護理師在門診常需主動查核個案的接種紀錄（Immunization Registry）。