— 安全與感染控制 · HARD · MCQ —
一位肺結核活動期的病人即將入院，下列哪項病房安排最合適？
A client with active tuberculosis (TB) is being admitted. Which room assignment is most appropriate?
- AA shared room with a client having the same diagnosis與診斷相同的病人同室
- BA private room with droplet precautions採取飛沫隔離的獨立病房
- CA negative-pressure room with airborne precautions✓ 正解採取空氣隔離的負壓病房
- DA private room with contact precautions採取接觸隔離的獨立病房
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
肺結核（Tuberculosis, TB）是由結核分枝桿菌引起，經由空氣微粒（Airborne droplet nuclei）傳播。根據 CDC 規範，活動性肺結核病人必須安置於負壓隔離病房（Negative-pressure room），並採取空氣隔離措施（Airborne precautions）。負壓環境能確保病房內的空氣不會流向走廊，並透過高效能空氣過濾系統（HEPA）進行處理，防止病原體擴散。
Clients with active tuberculosis must be placed in a negative-pressure airborne isolation room to prevent the spread of infectious droplet nuclei to other areas of the facility. Airborne precautions are necessary because tuberculosis is transmitted via airborne particles, making standard droplet or contact precautions insufficient for infection control.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院對肺結核的空氣隔離要求極為嚴格，通常需連續兩週抗結核藥物治療且痰液檢驗連續三次陰性後，才考慮解除隔離，此標準在兩地臨床皆一致。