— 生理適應 · HARD · MCQ —
一位第一型糖尿病病人血糖 450 mg/dL,出現庫斯莫爾呼吸(Kussmaul respirations)及呼氣有水果味。護理師優先處置為何?
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus presents with a blood glucose of 450 mg/dL, Kussmaul respirations, and fruity breath. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- AInitiate an intravenous infusion of 0.9% normal saline✓ 正解開始輸注 0.9% 生理食鹽水的靜脈輸液
- BPerform a finger-stick blood glucose test執行指尖血糖檢測
- CAdminister subcutaneous rapid-acting insulin給予皮下注射速效胰島素
- DAdminister a 50% dextrose bolus給予 50% 葡萄糖推注
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
此個案呈現酮酸中毒(DKA)徵象,首要目標為補充體液以維持灌流及稀釋血糖。對於 DKA 病人,液體復甦應優先於胰島素治療,因為嚴重脫水會影響循環及腎臟排除酮體能力。胰島素需在補液後且確認血鉀足夠時給予,否則會誘發低鉀血症。
In diabetic ketoacidosis, fluid resuscitation with normal saline is the priority to restore circulation and correct hyperosmolality. Insulin administration should follow hydration and potassium verification to prevent complications like shock or severe hypokalemia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床對於 DKA 補液 protocol 相似,均以補水優先,但美國多有標準化流程(Protocolized care)執行速度較快。