— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師在小兒科門診針對 12 個月大嬰兒進行健康促進與維護，應採取哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
Which actions by a nurse in a pediatric clinic promote health maintenance for a 12-month-old infant? (Select all that apply.)
- AReview the child's immunization record for age-appropriate vaccines✓ 正解檢視兒童的免疫接種記錄以確認年齡適當的疫苗
- BInstruct parents on the importance of child-proofing the home✓ 正解指導家長居家環境兒童防護的重要性
- CDiscuss the transition from breast milk or formula to whole cow's milk✓ 正解討論從母乳或配方奶轉換為全脂牛奶的過程
- DScreen for developmental milestones such as walking or standing✓ 正解篩檢行走或站立等發展里程碑
- EEncourage the introduction of honey into the diet鼓勵在飲食中添加蜂蜜
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
12 個月大嬰兒進入幼兒期，重點在於疫苗施打（如 MMR、水痘）、居家安全防護（防跌倒、防誤食）、飲食轉型（全脂牛奶替代配方奶）與生長發展評估。蜂蜜應在 1 歲後才能攝取，E 選項雖正確但題目問的是「促進健康」，提供蜂蜜非首要護理重點，且該選項陷阱在於家長易提前餵食。
Health maintenance for a 12-month-old includes reviewing immunizations, instructing on childproofing due to increased mobility, discussing the transition to whole milk for cognitive development, and screening for developmental milestones. While honey is safe after age one, it is not a primary health promotion intervention compared to safety and nutritional transitions.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國極重視家庭防護衛教；台灣較強調生長曲線監測與預防接種。