護理師教導一位病人關於心血管疾病的一級預防。應推薦哪些活動？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is educating a client about primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Which activities should the nurse recommend? (Select all that apply.)
- AEngaging in 30 minutes of aerobic exercise most days✓ 正解大多數日子進行 30 分鐘的有氧運動
- BMaintaining a diet rich in saturated fats維持富含飽和脂肪的飲食
- CSmoking cessation✓ 正解戒菸
- DLimiting alcohol consumption✓ 正解限制酒精攝取
- EMonitoring blood pressure regularly✓ 正解定期監測血壓
一級預防（Primary Prevention）的目標是在疾病發生前，透過消除危險因子來保護健康。心血管疾病的危險因子高度依賴生活型態，包括缺乏運動、吸菸、高血壓及不良飲食。護理師的角色是協助病人建立健康的行為模式，降低動脈粥狀硬化（Atherosclerosis）的風險。在規劃衛教時，應優先強調可改變的（Modifiable）危險因子，並鼓勵病人建立規律監測習慣，以達成長期心血管健康維護。
The goal of primary prevention is to protect health by eliminating risk factors before a disease occurs. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease are highly lifestyle-dependent and include lack of exercise, smoking, hypertension, and poor diet. The nurse's role is to help the patient establish healthy behavior patterns, reducing the risk of atherosclerosis. In planning health education, modifiable risk factors should be prioritized, and the patient should be encouraged to establish a regular monitoring habit to achieve long-term cardiovascular health maintenance.
美國心臟協會（AHA）的衛教中，對於生活型態的改變特別強調「地中海飲食」或「DASH 飲食」的推廣，並鼓勵病人使用行動裝置 App 進行健康監測。台灣臨床則較著重於門診衛教與營養師介入，美國更強調透過社區資源與數位化工具來維持病人的長期自我管理。