— 基本照護與舒適 · EASY · MCQ —
下列何者是疼痛的生理徵象？
Which of the following is a physical sign of pain?
- AIncreased skin temperature皮膚溫度升高
- BSlow heart rate心率減慢
- CDecreased respiratory rate呼吸頻率下降
- DDilated pupils✓ 正解瞳孔擴大
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
疼痛會引發強烈的生理壓力反應，主要透過交感神經系統（Sympathetic nervous system）運作。當身體感受到疼痛時，會分泌腎上腺素，進而導致瞳孔放大、心跳加速、血壓上升與呼吸加快。這些反應是身體「戰或逃」（Fight or flight）的本能，護理師可透過觀察這些生理變化來輔助評估無語言表達能力的病人。
Pain triggers a sympathetic nervous system response, releasing adrenaline that causes physiological changes such as dilated pupils, tachycardia, hypertension, and increased respiratory rate. These signs reflect the body's "fight or flight" reaction and assist in assessing pain, especially in non-verbal clients.