— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
一位高血脂病人開始接受史他汀（Statin）藥物治療，護理師應提供哪些衛教內容？（選所有適合的）
A client is diagnosed with hyperlipidemia. Which teaching points should the nurse include for a client starting statin therapy? (Select all that apply.)
- AReport any unexplained muscle pain or weakness✓ 正解報告任何無法解釋的肌肉疼痛或無力
- BAvoid consuming grapefruit juice✓ 正解避免飲用葡萄柚汁
- CTake the medication with a full glass of milk隨一大杯牛奶服用藥物
- DExpect periodic liver function tests✓ 正解預期定期進行肝功能檢查
- EDiscontinue the medication if you feel fine如果感覺良好就停止用藥
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
史他汀類藥物最嚴重的副作用為橫紋肌溶解，出現肌肉痠痛須立即回報。葡萄柚汁會抑制代謝酶導致藥物濃度過高。因其具肝毒性，需定期追蹤肝功能指數。不可因無症狀而自行停藥，且服藥無需特定搭配牛奶，自行停藥會導致血脂反彈。
Clients on statin therapy should report unexplained muscle pain due to the risk of rhabdomyolysis and avoid grapefruit juice, which can increase drug levels. Additionally, periodic liver function tests are necessary because statins can cause hepatotoxicity, and the medication must be continued even if asymptomatic.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台皆強調橫紋肌溶解衛教，台灣對藥物與葡萄柚的交互作用衛教同樣重視。