— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
公衛護理師規劃高齡社區疫苗接種計畫，65 歲以上長者優先接種哪些疫苗？（選所有適合的）
A public health nurse is planning a vaccination program for an elderly community. Which vaccines should be prioritized for those over 65? (Select all that apply.)
- AInfluenza vaccine (annual)✓ 正解流感疫苗（每年）
- BPneumococcal conjugate vaccine✓ 正解肺炎鏈球菌結合疫苗
- CVaricella vaccine水痘疫苗
- DRecombinant zoster vaccine✓ 正解重组带状疱疹疫苗
- ETetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine破傷風、白喉及無細胞百日咳疫苗 (Tdap)
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高齡者免疫系統衰退，需透過主動免疫預防常見感染。流感疫苗為年度接種；肺炎鏈球菌疫苗可預防侵襲性肺炎；帶狀疱疹疫苗（Shingrix）預防帶狀疱疹及其神經痛。Tdap 通常為每 10 年追加一次，並非 65 歲專屬強烈優先指標，水痘疫苗則非例行常規。
Elderly clients have weakened immune systems and require vaccinations to prevent common infections. Priority vaccines include annual influenza, pneumococcal conjugate for invasive pneumonia, and recombinant zoster vaccine to prevent shingles. While Tdap is important, it is not specific to the over-65 age group as a primary priority compared to these targeted protections.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國強調 65 歲後接種肺炎疫苗；台灣公費肺炎疫苗政策針對 65 歲以上長者提供，具公衛政策一致性。